Rejection of the historical theory of Earth expansion was made during the 1960s to early 1970s, based primarily on a lack of a mechanism to explain the required increase in Earth mass and radius over time. Despite the historical small Earth modelling evidence and despite subsequent advances in all of the sciences, in particular space-based science, this reason for rejection is still falsely perpetuated to this day.

 At no stage has anyone bothered to scientifically quantify this outdated rejection with modern factual evidence. Nor has anyone bothered to test the equally pertinent assumption that Earth radius has remained constant throughout time.  

Since the 1960s, scientific attention has been increasingly focused on the role of interstellar plasma in the formation of the universe. It has been shown that magnetic fields generated by plasmas are millions of times more powerful than the force of gravity and are considered by many scientists to shape not only galaxies but also the stars, including solar systems, planets, and the satellites. This new science is referred to as plasma cosmology.

Near Earth satellite observations, carried out since the start of the space-age, now show that plasma from the Sun, in the form of magnetically charged electrons, protons and other ions, constantly enters the Earth. This input of magnetically charged particles may then be playing a major unrecognised role in the elusive search for a viable mechanism accounting for matter increase within the Earth, resulting in an increase in Earth mass and hence radius over time.

The proposed causal mechanism for increasing Earth mass and radius on anExpansion Tectonic Earth involves an on-going input of magnetically charged electron and proton particulate matter originating from the Sun. These ionised particles enter the Earth and recombine as new matter most likely within the 200 to 300 kilometre thick D” region, located at the base of the mantle directly above the core-mantle boundary. This particulate matter generation process then represents the basis for formation of all new and existing elements and mineral species present on Earth.

The resultant increase in volume of new matter at the core-mantle interface gives rise to swelling of the mantle. Mantle swell is then transferred to the outer crust as crustal extension which is currently seen and preserved as extension along the mid-ocean-ridge spreading zones within each of the oceans. Extension within each of the oceans is also accompanied by expulsion of newly formed volcanic lava, water, and atmospheric gases along the full length of each of the mid-ocean-ridge spreading zones.

Proposed development of the Earth’s core, mantle, and crust followed by continental break-up and dispersal throughout Earth history, extending in time from the pre-Archaean to the present-day.

Regardless of the merits of this observation one needs to ask, what are all these magnetically charged particles doing to the Earth? Common sense tells us that any input of charged particles must, over time, result in an  increase in both mass and radius causing the Earth to expand.